Copper nut semi-finished product processing is widely used in many mechanical connection fields. The thread forming link in its semi-finished product processing is crucial and faces many technical difficulties.
First, the characteristics of copper materials bring challenges to thread forming. Copper is relatively soft in texture, and it is easy to stick to the tool during thread processing. When the tool contacts the copper material, the high temperature generated by friction makes the copper chips easily adhere to the tool edge, which not only affects the surface quality of the thread, but also reduces the service life of the tool. For example, in traditional cutting processing, if the cutting speed and feed rate are not properly selected, the sticking problem will become more serious.
Secondly, it is difficult to control the thread accuracy. The threads of copper nut semi-finished product processing need to meet strict dimensional tolerance and shape tolerance requirements. During the processing, due to factors such as machine tool vibration, tool wear and cutting force fluctuations, it is easy to cause thread pitch error, tooth angle deviation, etc. For example, for some high-precision micro copper nut semi-finished product processing, even a small processing error may make it unable to meet the assembly requirements.
Furthermore, the surface roughness of the thread is difficult to guarantee. To obtain a smooth thread surface, it is necessary to optimize the cutting parameters, tool geometry and processing technology. However, the easy deformation of copper makes it difficult to stably control the surface roughness during processing. If the surface roughness is too large, it will increase the friction resistance when the nut and bolt are matched, reduce the reliability of the connection, and may even cause stress concentration, affecting the safety of the entire mechanical structure.
In order to overcome these difficulties, continuous innovation is made in tool materials and coatings. The use of carbide tools combined with special coatings, such as TiAlN coatings, can improve the hardness, wear resistance and anti-sticking properties of the tools. This coated tool can effectively reduce the sticking phenomenon when cutting copper materials, extend the tool life, and thus provide better processing conditions for thread forming.
In terms of processing technology, advanced CNC machining technology is used to accurately control the machine tool parameters such as speed, feed rate and cutting depth. By optimizing the combination of cutting parameters, the fluctuation of cutting force is reduced, and the influence of machine tool vibration on thread accuracy is reduced. At the same time, the thread is secondary finished by using precision machining equipment such as thread grinders to further improve the thread accuracy and surface quality.
In addition, the optimization of the cooling and lubrication system is also indispensable. Choosing the right cutting fluid, such as an emulsion containing extreme pressure additives, can effectively reduce the cutting temperature during processing, reduce the friction between the tool and the copper material, improve the processing quality of the thread, and help flush away the chips to prevent the chips from scratching the processed thread surface.
Through technical innovation and optimization of tools, processing technology, cooling and lubrication, the technical difficulties of thread forming in copper nut semi-finished product processing have been gradually broken through, laying a solid foundation for the production of high-quality copper nut semi-finished product processing.
