As a material with high hardness and high wear resistance, bearing steel is widely used in the field of mechanical manufacturing. However, in the processing of bearing steel, due to factors such as cutting force, thermal stress and changes in the internal structure of the material, internal stress and deformation are easily generated, which affects the accuracy and service life of the parts. Therefore, reducing internal stress and deformation is a key issue in bearing steel processing. The following will explore how to effectively reduce internal stress and deformation in bearing steel processing from multiple aspects.
The selection of processing technology is crucial to reducing internal stress and deformation. In bearing steel processing, high cutting speed and deep cutting methods should be avoided as much as possible, because these methods will significantly increase cutting force and thermal stress, leading to internal stress concentration of the material. On the contrary, the use of staged processing and multiple cutting methods can effectively disperse the cutting force and reduce local stress concentration. In addition, a reasonable arrangement of the processing sequence (such as rough processing before fine processing) can also help reduce deformation.
Heat treatment is an important link in bearing steel processing, and internal stress can be effectively reduced through a reasonable heat treatment process. For example, timely tempering after quenching can eliminate the residual stress generated during quenching, while improving the toughness and stability of the material. In addition, the use of advanced heat treatment technologies such as austempering or graded quenching can also reduce thermal stress and avoid material deformation.
Cutting parameters (such as cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth) have a direct impact on the internal stress and deformation in bearing steel processing. Excessive cutting speed will cause the temperature of the cutting area to rise and generate thermal stress; while excessive cutting depth will increase the cutting force and cause material deformation. Therefore, in actual processing, the cutting parameters should be reasonably selected according to the hardness of the material and the processing requirements. For example, using a lower cutting speed and a smaller cutting depth can effectively reduce internal stress and deformation.
The selection of cutting tools and lubricants is equally important for reducing internal stress and deformation. For high-hardness materials such as bearing steel, cutting tools with high wear resistance and good thermal stability (such as carbide or ceramic tools) should be selected to reduce tool wear and cutting heat. In addition, the use of efficient cutting lubricants can reduce the temperature of the cutting area, reduce thermal stress, and improve the quality of the cutting surface.
In the process of bearing steel processing, internal stress can be reduced by stress release process. For example, natural aging treatment is carried out after rough processing, and the material is left at room temperature for a period of time to gradually release the internal stress. In addition, vibration aging or thermal aging can also be used to accelerate the stress release process by mechanical vibration or heating. These methods can effectively reduce the deformation problem in subsequent fine processing.
Fixtures and clamping methods also have an important impact on reducing deformation in bearing steel processing. During the processing, excessive clamping force should be avoided as much as possible to avoid local deformation of the material. In addition, the use of multi-point support or flexible fixtures can evenly distribute the clamping force and reduce stress concentration. For parts with thin walls or complex shapes, special fixtures or auxiliary support devices can also be used to improve processing stability.
During the bearing steel processing process, quality inspection should be strengthened to promptly discover and correct internal stress and deformation problems. For example, the residual stress distribution inside the material can be measured by ultrasonic testing or X-ray diffraction technology; the geometric accuracy of the parts can be detected by a three-coordinate measuring instrument or laser scanner. In addition, the test results can be fed back to the processing process, and the processing parameters can be adjusted in real time to further optimize the processing effect.
Reducing internal stress and deformation in bearing steel processing is a systematic project, which requires comprehensive consideration from multiple aspects such as processing technology, heat treatment, cutting parameters, tool selection, stress release, fixture design and quality inspection. Through reasonable technical means and strict process control, internal stress and deformation can be effectively reduced, and the processing accuracy and performance of bearing steel parts can be improved. With the continuous advancement of processing technology, more efficient and precise methods will be applied to bearing steel processing in the future, further promoting the development of the machinery manufacturing industry.
